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In cases where randomized trials are impossible due to small patient populations, RWE has been used to supplement single-arm trials for drug approvals.

The reference (kilobytes) is most commonly associated with a specific scholarly review regarding the use of Real-World Evidence (RWE) in the management of lung cancer, published in the journal Current Oncology . Real-World Evidence in Lung Cancer Management (629 KB)

A specific supplementary file (Supplementary file 10) for a Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial. In cases where randomized trials are impossible due

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RWE helps researchers identify gaps in how care is delivered geographically or demographically. For instance, data from the Ontario Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) has shown that older lung cancer patients are statistically less likely to be referred to an oncologist or receive systemic therapy.

Traditional clinical trials often exclude "real-world" patients, such as:

As lung cancer is increasingly redefined by specific genetic mutations (e.g., ROS1, RET, NTRK fusions), patient subgroups become extremely small—sometimes representing only 1% of cases.