Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
g., protocol efficiency calculations, equations) or a ? Do youg., mobile networks, satellite)? Do youg
To help me make this paper more relevant to your needs, could you tell me: The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance
ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable digital communication. While Stop-and-Wait is efficient for simple, low-delay networks, Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat are essential for modern high-speed networks. The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance of efficiency and reliability in modern wireless scenarios. the receiver discards all subsequent frames
) before needing an ACK. If a frame is lost, the receiver discards all subsequent frames, and the sender must retransmit all frames starting from the lost one. Better utilization than Stop-and-Wait. Cons: High retransmission overhead in poor channels. 3.3. Selective Repeat ARQ (SR)
ARQ increases latency due to retransmissions, making it less suitable for real-time applications like VoIP.