: Includes nonribosomal peptides and sugar-decorated molecules that often function as potent antibiotics or toxins. 2. Biosynthesis and Biological Mechanisms
: Assembled from acetate and malonate units via "assembly line" enzymes, producing complex structures like erythromycin. Bioactive Natural Products: Chemistry and Biology
: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds often derived from amino acids. They frequently exhibit potent pharmacological effects, such as the analgesic properties of morphine. natural products often act through synergistic
: Unlike many synthetic drugs, natural products often act through synergistic, multi-target mechanisms, influencing redox dynamics, membrane architecture, and signaling pathways simultaneously. 3. Modern Discovery Techniques influencing redox dynamics