Bradley's Spleenwort -

: Initially, the hybrid was sterile, but through a rare natural process of chromosome doubling, it became a fertile, independent species.

Due to its very specific habitat requirements and rare occurrence, it is considered a species of special concern in many states.

: It is listed as endangered in states like Illinois , Indiana, and Pennsylvania, and threatened in Ohio . bradley's spleenwort

: Major threats include habitat destruction from quarrying and mining, mechanical disturbance from rock climbing, and overshading caused by invasive vines or tree growth.

: Research suggests that Bradley’s spleenwort has actually "formed" multiple times in different locations from independent hybridization events between its parent species. Habitat and Distribution : Initially, the hybrid was sterile, but through

: Its fronds are relatively small, typically ranging from 4 to 20 cm (about 1.5 to 8 inches) in length.

Bradley's spleenwort is highly specialized and is often referred to as an "Appalachian spleenwort". : Major threats include habitat destruction from quarrying

: The lower half of the stalk is a distinct shiny, reddish-brown or blackish color, while the upper half (the rachis) transitions to green.