A CAS is defined by its ability to change behavior in response to its environment to achieve specific goals. Key properties identified by Miller and Page include: Complex Adaptive Systems
In their foundational work, , John H. Miller and Scott E. Page provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how individual behaviors aggregate into complex social phenomena. Rather than relying on traditional linear statistics, they use computational modeling to explore systems where decentralized agents adapt and interact. Core Concepts of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS)
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