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Trimingham’s study shifts the focus from Sufi philosophy and individual mysticism to the of the movement. He categorizes the history of Sufism into three distinct stages:

Development of specific spiritual "paths" or systems of discipline under a master ( sheikh ).

The search query points specifically to the classic academic work (Russian title: "Суфийские ордены в исламе" ) by the British scholar J. Spencer Trimingham . First published in 1971, this book remains a foundational text for understanding the historical development and organizational structure of Sufi brotherhoods ( tariqas ). Overview of the Work