: The "antiquarian" phase where ancient monuments were first isolated and studied as aesthetic and historical models.
: The move from individual buildings to entire "urban heritage" sites, including neighborhoods, villages, and global UNESCO-listed cities. The Heritage "Crisis" Download LAlégorie Patrimoine Françoise Choay pdf
: The institutionalization of heritage, where the "historic monument" was legally defined and states began formal conservation efforts. : The "antiquarian" phase where ancient monuments were
Choay traces the evolution of these ideas across several distinct periods: Download LAlégorie Patrimoine Françoise Choay pdf