This stage transforms molten iron or scrap into crude steel by reducing carbon content and removing further impurities.
Once the crude steel is produced, it undergoes to achieve precise chemical specifications. Fundamentals of Steel Making
: Limestone acts as a flux, combining with impurities like silica to form slag , which floats on the molten iron and is removed. 2. Primary Steelmaking This stage transforms molten iron or scrap into
: This process primarily uses recycled steel scrap . High-power electric arcs melt the scrap, making it a highly efficient recycling method. 3. Secondary Steelmaking and Metallurgy coke (processed coal)
The journey begins with three primary ingredients: , coke (processed coal), and limestone .
: High-purity oxygen is blown onto molten iron (often with some scrap). This oxidizes the excess carbon (dropping it from ~4% to below 1%) and other impurities.