Gastrointestinal Anatomy And Physiology: The Es... -

Histologically, the esophagus is composed of four distinct concentric layers, which are characteristic of the GI tract but modified for its specific function:

This phase is also involuntary. Once the food enters the esophagus, a wave of coordinated muscular contractions called peristalsis begins. The circular muscles above the bolus contract to push it downward, while the longitudinal muscles below it shorten the tube. This wave propels the food toward the stomach regardless of gravity. Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology: The Es...

Is there a (like GERD or achalasia) you want to focus on? Histologically, the esophagus is composed of four distinct

These are extremely dilated submucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus, usually caused by portal hypertension (often due to liver cirrhosis). They are prone to rupture and can cause life-threatening hemorrhage. This wave propels the food toward the stomach

The innermost layer is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. This thick, durable lining is designed to protect the esophagus from the abrasive effects of swallowed food. Unlike the stomach and intestines, it does not typically absorb nutrients.