Ballistics: Interior

: The propellant is completely consumed, but the high-pressure gas continues to expand and push the projectile until it leaves the muzzle. ⚙️ Key Technical Factors

: From the strike of the firing pin to the moment the propellant is fully ignited and pressure begins to build. Interior ballistics

: Highly complex 2D or 3D simulations (like NGEN3) that account for gas flow, heat transfer, and pressure waves. : The propellant is completely consumed, but the

: Often coupled with ballistic codes to study how the physical structure of the barrel deforms under pressure. : The propellant is completely consumed

: High-temperature gases (up to 3,000°C) cause gradual "washing" or wear of the barrel, eventually affecting accuracy and life span. 💻 Mathematical & Computational Modeling