later authorized secret operations to bribe Spanish generals—via the businessman Juan March—to ensure Spain remained neutral during WWII. 4. The "Exercise in Projection"
A central thesis in Viñas' work is what he calls the "exercise in projection". He explains that Francoist historiography systematically attributed the rebels' own behaviors to their opponents. For instance, while the Nationalists accused the Republic of seeking totalitarian Soviet aid, it was the Nationalists who were deeply dependent on Hitler and Mussolini from the earliest stages of the conspiracy. La Conspiracion Del General Franco Angel ViГ±as...
were essentially "tricked" or willing to be misled by the rebels, resulting in the abandonment of the Republic. from Fascist Italy before the uprising even began
from Fascist Italy before the uprising even began. Using British intelligence reports
Viñas shifts the focus from purely internal Spanish politics to the international stage. He provides evidence that:
Viñas’ primary objective is to challenge the idea that the Second Republic was destined to fall into Soviet-style chaos. Using British intelligence reports, Viñas demonstrates that while the right-wing conspirators claimed a communist takeover was imminent, foreign services—including the British—knew no such plan existed. Instead, the conspiracy was a proactive attempt by conservative and monarchist elites to destroy the Republic's liberal reforms.
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