Drawings were transferred to cels and painted on the back to create the final colored frame. Historical Significance
Fantasmagorie (1908) by Émile Cohl is considered the first, utilizing traditional hand-drawn techniques.
One of the oldest methods, involving 2D puppets, props, and scenes created from materials like paper, moved incrementally frame-by-frame.
Paper used for animation included a row of holes at the bottom, fitting over pegs to ensure registration (stability) of drawings.