: Characterized by an obsession with infinite space, expansion, and the future. The "Faustian" Decline
: In Spengler’s view, "Culture" represents the creative, soulful peak of a society. "Civilization" is the final stage—a mechanical, soulless state of decline characterized by urbanization, mass politics, and materialism.
: Centered on the physical body and the immediate present (e.g., Ancient Greece and Rome). Propast Zapada
: The shift from productive creation to financial speculation and the rule of capital.
Spengler rejects the linear view of history (Ancient-Medieval-Modern) and instead argues that history is composed of independent, organic "Cultures" that follow a predictable lifecycle of birth, growth, maturity, and decay. : Characterized by an obsession with infinite space,
: Spengler asserts that there are no universal truths; every Culture has its own unique mathematical, artistic, and political "soul" that is incomprehensible to others. The Eight Major Cultures
: Defined by a "cavern" worldview, including early Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. : Centered on the physical body and the immediate present (e
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