: Contains the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) , which primarily controls inspiration, and the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) , which acts during forceful breathing (like exercise).

The regulation of breathing () is a complex physiological process that maintains homeostatic levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and blood pH. It involves an integrated "schema" of neural centers and chemical sensors. 1. The Neural Control Center (The Brainstem)

: A cluster of neurons in the medulla that acts as the essential "pacemaker" for the basic respiratory rhythm. 2. Chemical Regulation (Chemoreceptors) Section Three: Chapter 19: Respiratory Control

: Contains the Pneumotaxic center (limits inspiration to prevent over-inflation) and the Apneustic center (promotes deeper, longer inspiration).

The primary "rhythm generator" for breathing is located in the brainstem: