: In traditional systems, it was used to treat kidney stones and menstrual disorders, though it is less common today due to potential toxicity . A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L. - PMC
: It contains anthraquinones (like alizarin and purpurin), terpenes, and cyclopeptides . 2. Rubia tinctorum (Common Madder) : In traditional systems, it was used to
Historically famous for the dye, this species is native to Europe and the Middle East. : In traditional systems
: Research has highlighted its antioxidant , anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. : In traditional systems, it was used to
This is a perennial climbing vine widely used in and Ayurveda .