Hydrodynamics — Submarine

Its length relative to diameter (L/D ratio) is optimized to minimize overall resistance.

Engineers divide the hull into three distinct sections to optimize flow: Submarine Hydrodynamics

Is this for a report or a general overview ? Challenges in Naval Ship and Submarine Hydrodynamics Its length relative to diameter (L/D ratio) is

Energy lost to surface waves; only critical when near the surface. Hull Design and Flow Control Submarine Hydrodynamics

Designed to ensure laminar flow over sonar arrays for better sensor performance.

Includes sails, rudders, and hydroplanes, which can contribute up to 78% of the total drag of a bare hull.