Since Data Vault is pattern-based, the first layer of testing ensures the "plumbing" follows the methodology.

Insert a record with a modified attribute. Verify that a new Satellite record is created with the updated data while the old record remains (historical tracking).

Run row counts and sum-checks between the Source Landing Zone and the Raw Vault.

You should be able to trace any record in a Star Schema back to its specific Hub and Source system.

Query a PIT table for a specific date in the past. Verify it correctly identifies the "active" Satellite records for that timestamp. 5. Business Vault & Logic Testing

The Business Vault contains transformed data (e.g., calculated fields or cleaned addresses).