The Basic Laws Of Human Stupidity -

Non-stupid people fail to realize how costly dealing with stupid people is.

Cipolla categorizes behavior into four types based on gains/losses for oneself and others: The basic laws of human stupidity

The probability of being stupid is independent of any other characteristic, such as education or status. Non-stupid people fail to realize how costly dealing

The is a seminal essay by Italian economic historian Carlo M. Cipolla , first published in 1976. It presents a satirical yet rigorous framework for understanding stupidity as a distinct and highly dangerous social force. The Five Basic Laws The basic laws of human stupidity