The — Orthodox Church: An Introduction To Its His...

The 20th century saw both intense persecution (especially under Soviet Communism) and the expansion of Orthodoxy to the Americas and Western Europe. Core Beliefs and Practices

A dispute over the Western addition of "and the Son" to the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to its His...

The Church flourished under the Byzantine Empire, influencing law, art (icons), and architecture (Hagia Sophia). The 20th century saw both intense persecution (especially

In the 9th and 10th centuries, Cyril and Methodius brought Orthodoxy to the Slavic peoples, leading to the eventual conversion of Russia in 988 AD. In the 9th and 10th centuries, Cyril and

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, many Orthodox Christians lived as subjects under the Ottoman Empire, preserving their faith through local traditions.

Emphasis on the mysteries of Baptism, Chrismation, and the Eucharist as the "medicine of immortality."

Held between 325 and 787 AD, these councils defined core doctrines like the Trinity and the nature of Christ.