Early confrontations often centered on control of Armenia and Mesopotamia.
The eastern frontier stretched roughly 900 miles from the Black Sea to the Red Sea.
The conflict is typically divided into two major eras based on the ruling dynasty in Persia:
A documentary history by Michael H. Dodgeon and Samuel N. C. Lieu that translates key ancient texts.
A decisive Roman victory under Galerius, leading to a favorable 40-year peace treaty.
A video overview of the geopolitical factors behind the rivalry.