In , psychologist Walter Riso argues that mental flexibility is a vital virtue that allows individuals to adapt to life's pressures and reinvent themselves without causing self-harm . He contrasts the healthy "flexible mind" against two dysfunctional extremes: the "rigid mind," which clings to dogmas and generates stress, and the "liquid mind," which lacks personal conviction and passively conforms to its environment . The Three Types of Minds
As noted in reviews from platforms like UML Digital Library , developing this mindset is a continuous process involving:
: The ideal state, which Riso compares to clay—able to change and adapt while retaining its essential nature . It remains open to new evidence, accepts criticism, and values pluralism and creative problem-solving . Key Benefits of Cognitive Flexibility Walter Riso El Poder Del Pensamiento Flexible...
: Characterized by dogmatism, intolerance, and a resistance to change . According to Riso, this mindset is a source of psychological suffering, often leading to anxiety, depression, and hostility .
Adopting a flexible mindset provides several protective and enhancing factors for mental health: In , psychologist Walter Riso argues that mental
: By rejecting authoritarianism and prejudice, flexible thinkers foster healthier, more just interpersonal connections .
Riso categorizes cognitive styles into three distinct frameworks to show how we process information and interact with reality: It remains open to new evidence, accepts criticism,
: A flexible mind is more likely to generate positive life changes and successfully navigate uncertainty . Practical Strategies for Development