To better understand the themes of heroism and the narrative journeys these characters take, you can explore these detailed analyses: What makes a hero? - Matthew Winkler YouTube · TED-Ed

: Explores the deconstruction of heroism , where the protagonist Francis believes he is a coward despite receiving a Silver Star, because his "heroic" act was actually a failed suicide attempt.

: Lev argues that it is right for the state to evacuate "famous people" first to protect Russian pride and national morale. Kolya counters that this is blatant hypocrisy, as the common people are forced to suffer and die while the elite are sheltered.