Fariг±a

In the 1980s, market dynamics shifted as the U.S. cocaine market saturated, pushing Colombian cartels to look toward Europe.

: Skills in navigating "narcolanchas" (speedboats) through the Galician estuaries (Rías) were originally developed for tobacco but became critical assets for international drug cartels. 2. The Shift to "Fariña" (Cocaine) FariГ±a

Galicia's rugged coastline and "Coast of Death" historically fostered a maritime black market. In the 1980s, market dynamics shifted as the U

The term (Galician for "flour") is synonymous with the history of cocaine trafficking in Galicia, Spain. It was popularized globally by Nacho Carretero’s investigative book and the subsequent Netflix series, Cocaine Coast . This paper examines how a region defined by maritime tradition and local contraband transformed into Europe’s primary gateway for Colombian cocaine. 1. Historical Foundations: The Culture of Contraband and penicillin from Portugal.

: Smuggling began with everyday goods like tobacco, coffee, and penicillin from Portugal.