: Star paths are determined by the galaxy's shape (spherical, axisymmetric, or triaxial). In a disk, stars follow epicyclic orbits —small oscillations around a circular path.
Galactic dynamics is the study of how stars, gas, and dark matter move within galaxies under the influence of gravity. It combines orbital mechanics, statistical physics, and fluid dynamics to explain the structure and evolution of these massive systems. Core Principles of Galactic Motion Galactic Dynamics
: These are not permanent "arms" but density waves where stars and gas momentarily slow down, triggering star formation. : Star paths are determined by the galaxy's
: Many galaxies, including our own, have a central bar that funnels gas toward the center, feeding the central black hole. 2. The Galactic Halo & Bulge It combines orbital mechanics
: Visible matter cannot explain observed orbital speeds. A massive, invisible dark matter halo is required to keep galaxies from flying apart. Key Dynamical Components 1. The Galactic Disk
: Stars closer to the center orbit faster than those further out.